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A school library (or a school library media center) is a library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public or private school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access "to books and reading, to information, and to information technology."〔The goals of the school library program should support the mission and continuous improvement plan of the school district.(Standards for the 21st Century Learner )〕 A school library media center "uses all types of media... is automated, and utilizes the Internet (well as books ) for information gathering."〔Morris, B. (2004). ''Administering the school library media center''. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. (p.32).〕 School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as "learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the school's curriculum... A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school."〔Morris, 2004, p.32〕 Researchers have demonstrated that school libraries have a positive impact on student achievement through the more than 60 studies have been conducted in 19 U.S. states and one Canadian province. The major finding of these studies was that students with access to a well-supported school library media program with a qualified school library media specialist, scored higher on reading assessments regardless of their socio-economic statuses. In addition, a study conducted in Ohio〔Todd, R., Kuhlthau, C., & OELMA. (2004). ''Student Learning through Ohio School Libraries : The Ohio Research Study''. Available online at: http://www.oelma.org/studentlearning/〕 revealed that 99.4% of students surveyed believed that their school librarians and school library media programs helped them succeed in school. A report that reported similar conclusions was compiled by Michele Lonsdale in Australia in 2003.〔Lonsdale, M. (2003). ''Impact of school libraries on student achievement: A review of the research''. Camberwell, Victoria, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research. Available online at http://www.asla.org.au/research/research.pdf〕 ==History of school libraries== The later part of the 19th century marked the beginning of the modern American library movement with the creation of the American Library Association (ALA) in 1876 by a group of librarians led by Melvil Dewey. At these beginning stages of development, the school libraries were primarily made up of small collections with the school librarian playing primarily a clerical role. Dewey wrote that "a broad conception at the end of the century of the work of the schools is simply this, to teach the children to think accurately, with strength and with speed. If it is in the school that they get their start, then where do they get their education?"〔Dewey, M. (1920). What a library should be and what it can do. In A. E. Bostwick (Ed.). The library and society: Classics of American librarianship (pp. 75-78). New York: H.W. Wilson.〕 1920 marked the first effort by the library and education communities to evaluate school libraries with the publication of the ''Certain Report'',〔Charles C. Certain Committee. (1986). ''Standard library organization and equipment for secondary schools of different sizes''. In Melvil M. Bowie (Comp.), ''Historic Documents of school libraries'' (pp.34-51). Littleton, CO: Hi Willow Research and Publishing. (Original work published 1920, Chicago: American Library Association)〕 which provided the first yardstick for evaluating school libraries. School libraries experienced another major push following the launch of Sputnik in 1957, which forced the United States to re-evaluate its priorities for math and science education. As a result, the 1960s were one of the greatest periods of growth and development for school libraries due to an increased flow of money and support from the private sector and public funding for education. Most notable during this time was the ''Knapp School Libraries Project''〔''〕 which established model school library media centers across the country. Hundreds of new school libraries were expanded and renovated during this time. Most recently, school libraries have been defined by three major guidelines documents: ''Information Power'' (1988)〔American Association of School Librarians & Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (1998). ''Information power: Guidelines for school library media programs''. Chicago: American Library Association.〕 and ''Information Power II'' (1998).〔American Association of School Librarians & Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (1998). ''Information power: Building partnerships for learning''. Chicago: American Library Association.〕 Globally important mission statement is the Unesco School library Manifesto (), which states: "The school library provides information and ideas that are fundamental to functioning successfully in today’s information and knowledge-based society. The school library equips students with life-long learning skills and develops the imagination, enabling them to live as responsible citizens" (para. 1). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「School library」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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